Lora Giangregorio is a professor in the Department of Kinesiology at the University of Waterloo in Canada.
She studies how exercise and strength training help prevent falls and fractures in older adults and people with osteoporosis.
She led Too Fit To Fracture, an international consensus project with Osteoporosis Canada that published exercise recommendations in 2014 for people with osteoporosis or a spinal fracture. The core message: a varied programme with strength, balance and posture work, rather than blanket restrictions.
She also contributed to an international consensus (2023) on managing osteoporotic spinal fractures without medication or surgery.
What the science says: according to the Too Fit To Fracture review, the evidence is strongest for fewer falls. For bone density and fractures, the effect depends on the type of training.
What you can do with it: combine strength and balance exercises and stay active. If you have osteoporosis or a previous spinal fracture, have a physiotherapist tailor your exercises.
Criticism and nuance
evidence that exercise prevents fractures is still limited; the clearest effect is on falls